Paidea Vs Ludus and 4 types of games.

Newman  describes 4 different categories of games in his book 'Videogames'. The four categories are agon (competitive), alea (chance based), ilinx (movement) and mimicry (role-play/simulation).  These categories describe the what the player ultimately gets from the game and why it is enjoyable. Newman also discusses the idea that games can be described as ludus games (rule heavy games) and paidea games(rule light/free games). different games and fall into any of the catergoies and will also fall into the scale between ludus and paidea games.

A good of example of a agon is the the popular competitive online multiplayer game 'Starcraft 2'. Starcarft 2 has 2 players each start off at a similar level and try to compete over resources to build a stronger army and destroy each other. it is very much a ludus game since it gives strict rules and also requires strict adherence to special build orders in order to play competitively however because the fanbase is so large some players decide to invent custom ways of playing the game which means it can have aspects of peidea. Not all agon games are online though since you can also compete with the game itself  thsi is highly prevalent in dungeon crawler games like 'Diablo' and 'Torchlight'

The recent game 'FTL: Faster Than Light' can fall into the category of alea. The game has players take control of the spaceship and go through a series of random encounters on a quest to beat the enemy flagship at the end of the galaxy. Slot machines also fall into the category of alea but as opposed to FTL are paidea games. Slot machines are very typical of paidea in that they are largely played for simple gratification rather than trying to achieve some kind of victory.

The classic example of the ilinx category of game is the platforming 'Sonic the Hedgehog' series. The series puts a heavy emphasis on gaining and maintaining speed throughout the level. This sense of speed can bevery entertaining in and of itself. The game assassins creed can when played a certain way be described as a paidea ilinx game. Though normally assassins creed gives a set of controlled missions to play the player may choose to instead explore the surrounding area while using the character's parkour skills to get a sense of movement.

An example of a mimicry game is the football manager group of games. In these games the player acts as if he were a manager of a team and make decisions for the team. The game is a very structured one and is therefore ludus.